Marketing plan for the salad bar

Advertising plan for the plate of mixed greens bar This task includes planning a market plan for destined to be opened cheap food chain named The Salad Bar. The motivation behind The Salad Bar is to give reasonably evaluated servings of mixed greens in a drive-through eatery. The presentation of the plates of mixed greens is in an offered to contribute in fathoming the current difficulties of corpulence that have been related with quick nourishments, which as result have been viewed as undesirable. Notwithstanding endeavors by certain organizations to present solid nourishments, for example, servings of mixed greens, the nature of their food sources as far as taste and engaging quality is as yet needing. The section into the market of another sound, quick nourishments organization will move the business sectors regard for the new items that have not existed previously. Therefore, the market and interest for the new items will be foreseen since the items are new and the thought behind their presentation is broadly valued. In a journey to make clients for the items or administrations, this paper will feature the activities that help to in the administration of the showcasing procedure. Foundation and Rationale The ascent in weight on the planet and particularly in the United States has been disturbing in the ongoing years. The weight issue has brought about discussions on the kinds of food that ought to be eaten so as to have great wellbeing and maintain a strategic distance from stoutness. Most explores directed follow the wellspring of this advancement to the ascent in the utilization of quick nourishments. An examination directed by Bowman et al (2009), inferred that utilization of quick nourishments among kids in the United States appeared to have negative impact on the dietary quality in manners that conceivably could expand chance for heftiness (p.112). The examination demonstrates that the dietary elements related with quick nourishments may prompt over the top weight increase, for example, enormous segment size, attractiveness. As indicated by Bowman, Bryan and Vinyard (2004), the quantity of grown-ups who habitually devoured cheap food expanded from mid 1990s to the mid-1990s, and includes that the patterns was anticipated to proceed. The majority of the individuals who devoured quick nourishments knew about the way that quick nourishments are high vitality nourishments and can prompt corpulence if as often as possible expended. The examination suggests that clients ought to request nourishing data quick nourishments ought to there no data wholesome data demonstrated. Youthful and Nestle (2002), demonstrate that regardless of the central government prerequisite that inexpensive food ought to have names on them as dietary direction; the commercial center segments of nourishments that are the significant patrons of vitality to US eats less carbs have fundamentally expanded. It has been uncovered that corpulence represents an enormous level of passings in the United States each year and the rates are on the expansion in consistently. The ascent is ascribed to the expanding utilization of quick nourishments. Chlosser (2001) shows that the added substances that give handled nourishments their taste are man-made and individuals are headed to purchase for the most part by their fastidious bundling. The report calls attention to that about 90% of the cash that Americans spend on food is utilized to purchase handled nourishments. He contends that the quality that individuals look for in food is the flavor, which is normally shapes a practically irrelevant amount as of the food. It is taking into account the above issues dependent on advertise investigation and writing audits that the possibility of The Salad bar was thought of. Rather than the utilization of added substances and handled fixings, The Salad Bar will utilize characteristic food added substances and will look to set up the servings of mixed greens in manners that will save the best flavors, while keeping the normal supplements flawless. The enabling of people in general with the information on the characteristic advantages of The Salads Bar servings of mixed greens because of their regular creation will go about as the serious edge for organization. The serving of mixed greens bar is a high caliber and sound plates of mixed greens business fire up that will convey to its client by methods for drive-through eatery. While the vision is Healthy Food for All; The Salad Bars strategic to be the pioneer in the arrangement of sound, quality, incredible tasting quick nourishments plates of mixed greens at reasonable costs. The serving of mixed greens bar will set up its first eatery in Quite a while and looks to set up close contact with clients and to assemble amazing business connections, driven by want to wonderfully meet its clients needs. The Salad Bar is a secretly held California organization and keeps up an office and a store situated in a blended use zone of San Jose, California. The plate of mixed greens bar was begun with the end goal of giving a more advantageous spot where individuals can eat. The way that there are barely any organizations that attention either on plates of mixed greens or more beneficial base nourishments shapes the reason for the foundation of the serving of mixed greens bar. It is in this view combined with the nonappearance of tight rivalry in the cheap food industry that The Salad Bar foresees to surpass its money related figures. The point of the business is to make a spot where individuals can appreciate sound nourishments with best help at moderate costs. Targets The targets that are set out in the foundation of The Salad Bar are in accordance with the organization strategic vision. Right off the bat, the organization plans to give servings of mixed greens which are delicious, have the normal wellbeing fixings and can be managed by the clients. Furthermore is to make a brand and an easily recognized name in the quick nourishments industry as a chain that gives the best assistance. Thirdly, the organization focuses to extend and accomplish a national status in around five years to expand access of value nourishments by clients countrywide. The Salad bar, in its development destinations foresees expanded responsibility for organization and if conceivable by however many clients as would be prudent to make a feeling of having a place among clients and the overall population. Furthermore, the organization will make mindfulness through crusades to sharpen people in general on the perils related with expending quick nourishments. This stage will too go about as a point for showcasing the organization items by offering them as more secure other options. Accordingly, the organization will appreciate continued market for its items and henceforth the acknowledgment of feasible upper hand. The Salad bar will set out a few techniques applicable to its business to guarantee supported intensity in the market. Endeavors will be set up to decrease client surrender; increment life span of client relationship; improve the development potential through strategically pitching and up-selling and make low benefit clients progressively gainful. With the end goal of get-together data for the motivations behind evaluating the market and comprehend the client reactions and conceivable beginning up difficulties, a review was directed. Polls were utilized and twelve respondents filled the surveys. The aftereffects of the review will illuminate the investigation that is done before the beginning up. Twelve individuals were overviewed. Coming up next is the poll utilized in the overview: Is it accurate to say that you are a serving of mixed greens eater? (I would need to ensure I am conversing with a serving of mixed greens eater How frequently a week or month do you eat plates of mixed greens? Where do you go when you need to purchase a serving of mixed greens? It is safe to say that they are acceptable and reasonable evaluated (perhaps likewise approach the amount they pay for a decent one normally)? What might you want to get in the event that you great settle on your own decision of a serving of mixed greens? In the event that there was an inexpensive food serving of mixed greens place, OK go there? What might you think would be a reasonable cost for a plate of mixed greens would be? How frequently a week or month do you figure you would eat at one on the off chance that it was acceptable and reasonable valued? Okay like to eat a serving of mixed greens of our enjoying over which ever inexpensive food you regularly like? What might you not have any desire to find in a spot like The Salad Bar? What might you need to find in a spot like The Salad Bar? Investigation The consequences of the overview show that the vast majority of the individuals eat servings of mixed greens thinking about that all the twelve respondents said that they eat plates of mixed greens and like servings of mixed greens. A portion of the respondents revealed that they make their servings of mixed greens at home and some get them when they join food as side plates of mixed greens in eateries. The greater part of the respondents comprehended the need to eat well food, however their fundamental issue was the place to discover solid food. The possibility of The Side Bar energized the respondents and anticipated that it be an effective thought. The plates of mixed greens sold ought to be new and having a determination of all around cooked meat. The respondents brought up they that they have to discover the serving of mixed greens in advantageously and reasonably. The Products The Salad Bar will follow the In-n-Out Burgers model: have a little however viable menu, with the primary spotlight being on servings of mixed greens. By concentrating carefully on plates of mixed greens, The Salad Bar will guarantee that straightforwardness is kept and the menu isn't pointlessly stuffed with food things. A respectable grouping of garnishes will be provided as they can be anything but difficult to store and modest too. Meats liberated from fat and oil will shape some portion of the serving of mixed greens to achieve assortment. The consideration of meats follows the high number of clients who want it remembered for their serving of mixed greens as finished up by the review. Quick nourishments, for example, chocolate or vanilla milkshakes won't be served at The Salad Bar, since they don't meet The Salad Bar rules for solid quick nourishments. Rather, The Salad Bar will serve new genuine natural product shakes. The organic product can be utilized for milkshakes, fixing s for servings of mixed greens, or for clients who don't care for standard plates of mixed greens; a natural product serving of mixed greens produced using a natural product or products of their own inclination are served. Intending to forcefully change the substance, the view and impacts of cheap food in the public arena, The Salad Bar tries to acquaint a solid path with eat, while it stays in the inexpensive food industry by disseminating its items through drive-thru eateries. To accomplish these plans, consideration of an enormous determination of plates of mixed greens and garnishes for clients to add to their supper, will offer a more prominent assortment, contrasted with a choice of a couple of servings of mixed greens that contenders offer. Moreover, increasingly assorted approaches to eat the servings of mixed greens will be conceived to guarantee that clients have another and superb experience. Considering getting the best fixing

Key Problems and Issues Facing Hong Kong

Contemporary Tourism Issues Topic: TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE TOURISM †KEY PROBLEMS AND ISSUES FACING HONG KONG Introduction Unquestionably, Hong Kong is an honored land where has flourishing and the majority of the components of being a world class cosmopolitan which has effectively pulled in guests over years, particularly from the territory by accentuating our reality class shopping, eating and other urban attractions (Lam, H. , 2004).Despite the prospering scene of the travel industry, the unstable visitor markets and developing rivalry from Southeast Asian nations and neighboring goals have presented new difficulties to Hong Kong’s the travel industry. So as to reinforce Hong Kong’s position as an ideal Asian visitor goal, as of late, Hong Kong government has begun paying more considerations to maintainable the travel industry because of the rising ecological awareness worldwide and tourists’ developing interests in the new types of the travel industry, to be specific Eco-the travel industry and Cultural Tourism.Projects and battles, for example, the improvement of Hong Kong Wetland Park, the dispatch of â€Å"Cultural Kaleidoscope† and â€Å"Nature Kaleidoscope† experience projects, and distributing visit manuals â€Å"Discover Hong Kong Nature† and â€Å"Discover Hong Kong by Rail† were acquainted with advance green the travel industry and social the travel industry (GovHK, 2009). These advancement plans have been propelled with the intend to support the travel industry by enhancing the travel industry items to take into account the changing and assorted needs of inbound traveler market.Despite the improvement is on target of proceeded with development which has excited tourists’ premiums to take a gander at â€Å"the other sides† of Hong Kong, numerous issues are expected to think about because of the unpredictable idea of practical the travel industry and the huge number of partners engaged w ith. There is analysis from open that all through these plans, little consideration has been paid to build up the travel industry overall and a genuinely economical one since the plans are as yet completed in a free way without a careful strategy. The most huge issues are ecological ustainability and social maintainability because of the latest focal point of government on these issues and their significance to the supportable turn of events. Ecological Sustainability Country parks and nature saves make up 40 percent of Hong Kong's all out land territory of exactly 1,100 square kilometers (Ling, 2007). As to relative sufficient assets and the underlying accomplishment of Wetland Parks, Hong Kong government perceived the green potential in Hong Kong the travel industry and has forcefully proposed quantities of Green activities as of late, for example, the Lantau North Country Park and Marine Park, Geoparks just as cycle tracks and off-road bicycle trails.However, with respect to thes e proposed ventures, lacking concerns have been given to the conveying limit of these characteristic assets just as the expense of development. It is discovered that the conservational rehearses are not done in an exacting way as a case in Kam Tin Wetland and Hoi Ha Wan marine save, which are two notable biological attractions in Hong Kong, were accounted for in enduring wastage issues (Cheung, 2006).Another normal model is an individual from Advisory Council on the Environment restricted to the proposition of Lantau North Country Park concerning the advancement of transport linkage of Tung Chung Road would harm the biology of the regions. It excited conservationists’ worry that government’s overemphasis on getting the traveler dollars will keep vacationer organizations and inhabitants concentrated for creating huge scope extends however putting little worry on having low-effect reasonable the travel industry (Crets, 2006).From the activities being done or proposed, it shows government’s premiums for huge scope venture yet very little exertion and bolster given to the subtleties, for example, the conveying limit of the biological assets. It infers government underlined on the benefit making and needed of an entire heartedly mentalities towards economical the travel industry. There is no uncertainty that green the travel industry has a huge potential to get one of the significant the travel industry segments in Hong Kong with its instructive and maintainable importance just as the financial advantages came about because of the rising attention to this market.However, supportability ought not put mostly on the monetary side since manageability of vacation spots, I. e. , the biological destinations and the legacy, is the basic belief of reasonable the travel industry. Despite the fact that the legislature guaranteed that it has been excited about â€Å"promoting green the travel industry in Northeast New Territories and peripheral islands ha ving respect to the standards of nature protection and reasonable turn of events. (GovHK, 2009), it is dubious that, with respect to its arrangement on green the travel industry, regardless of whether Hong Kong government has a reasonable and exact vision for mass the travel industry that will consolidate the common habitat. The travel industry ought to be viewed as an apparatus for environmental and legacy conservation however not the other path round, in any case there is no obvious significance of practical the travel industry. Clearly, there is still a lot of opportunity to get better viewing the strategy as more concern and control ought to be put over the natural manageability so as not to supersede the financial supportability on the ecological sustainability.The accomplishment of green the travel industry is to a great extent reliant on adequacy of government on arranging and the board to limit the effect on condition and the viable conveyance of biological assets. One of th e measures proposed to the administration is to have severe control on the ecological preservations as opposed to concentrating on building more attractions and advancing the business sectors. The conveying limit of the green attractions ought to be painstakingly contemplated and constrained by forcing exacting guidelines on the guest numbers and their behaviours.Besides, because of the rising interest, eco-guides’ request is extending, along these lines setting lawful principles for eco-controls just as giving preparing to supporting the aptitude are in earnest needs to adapt to the extended interest just as to teach the fitting practices in the scientist attractions (Chong, 2007). Social Sustainability Due to the broadening in Hong Kong’s culture which is situated as East-meet-West, Hong Kong has been as of late confronting the requests of developing a character reflected in decisions about what legacy to moderate and how to introduce it (Henderson, 2002).With the pr esent pattern of globalization and mass development of individuals, issues of social personality and social safeguarding keep on being investigated. As of late, Hong Kong has been enthused about creating attractions to improve Hong Kong’s social picture, one of the fine models is the proposed social settings, the West Kowloon Cultural District. Other than building new social scenes, protecting and advancing Hong Kong’s unmistakable and elusive legacy are accounted as different measures to feature Hong Kong’s blended culture.Examples like conservation and advancement of the previous Marine Police Headquarters in Tsim Sha Tsui into a travel industry office by the private segment, â€Å"1881 Heritage†, and HKTB’s advancement of conventional Chinese traditions and celebrations, for example, the Tin Hau Festival march in Yuen Long and Cha Kwo Ling, Tam Kung Festival in Shaukeiwan, the Cheung Chau Bun Festival and the Birthday of Lord Buddha festivities at Po Lin Monastery. In spite of these endeavors, a few issues are found in regards to Hong Kong’s culture and legacy manageability policy.It is discovered that Hong Kong has been moderately delayed in building up its potential legacy locales into vacation spots, as found in the discussion over the destiny of Tiger Balm Garden and the Central Police Station. As indicated by Chu and Uebegang (2002), the drowsy and latent reaction of government mirrors the absence of political will because of an absence of comprehension of the standards of legacy and its latent capacity. The Government accepts legacy protection ought to be driven by the travel industry and financial aspects and not treated similarly as other social and training services.Even with the setting up of Heritage Tourism Task Force which is built up in 1998, there have been not many suggestions proposed by the team. A few pundits have accused on its absence of authority and absence of impact in the administration orga nization (Chu and Uebegang, 2002). Different issues suggested in the strategy of government are absence of an expansive based, long haul protection approach, absence of an unmistakable needs and insufficient co-appointment of government offices associated with present legacy preservation practice.Besides, in most social legacy improvement, open inclusion in dynamic is missing. Concerning issue, it is basic for government to change its demeanor and strike for an increasingly all encompassing vision and approach towards the social legacy preservation. It is because of the test looked by Hong Kong that it has since quite a while ago advanced its way of life as an energizing combination of East-meet-West and customary meet-contemporary, which may cause it falling in a peril of overemphasizing on worldwide style attractions and lost real distinctiveness.Development may follow a typical way to make uniform of the travel industry highlights which pass on comparable picture to the sightseer s. In this way, the social and legacy protections are fundamental in the travel industry improvement as it assists with keeping up a one of a kind feeling of spot and contrast as inherent legitimacy to make sure about its upper hands and reposition the picture other than a global metropolitan with the frontier history. Aside from these issues of divided arrangement and vision, the administration issue of the social legacy has been another worry by the progressive and researchers.Since the social and legacy the travel industry requires a careful

State of Texas vs. Johnson (1989) Essay Example For Students

Province of Texas versus Johnson (1989) Essay Equity Viveiros conveys the assessment of the court:Gregory Lee Johnson has been sentenced for spoiling a banner disregarding Texas law; a conviction which addresses ones ensured First Amendment, protected rights. Johnsons association in a political show in Dallas, lead him toexpress his political worries with the countries chiefs and administrative approaches. The State of Texas conviction of Johnsonwas completed because of Johnsons direct, a truly expressive act, instead of a composed or spoken one and dependent on two models: an obligation to safeguard the honesty of the banner speaking to the quality, pride and solidarity of our country and whether Johnsons activities undermined cultural request and harmony. The two standards, which fill in as the reason for Gregory Lee Johnsons conviction, have been investigated top to bottom, and this court closes the accompanying Johnsons type of political articulation didn't cause cultural confusion or upset the harmony. There were no vicious flare-ups, either verbal or physical, from individuals from Johnsons fight, or different residents, who may see banner consuming as a disagreeable, selfish, smack despite our country. Be that as it may, the State of Texas has just recognized this reality. The State decided that paying little heed to the absence of proof that Johnsons activities have undermined cultural request and open harmony, on account there were no such events, banner consuming can possibly do as such. The State has reasoned that banner consuming could: first, work up people groups feelings enough, potentially bringing about exceptional open contentions, vicious physical debates, or mobs, and second, fills in as a greeting for others to take political fights to the following level, which could be perilous. The States choice raises two inquiries, is banner consuming as a type of political dissent a pleasing technique for rehearsing ones First Amendment rights, or an endeavor to convince others to take the demonstration past the privileges of residents to increasingly genuine and hazardously, unsafe, demonstrations of dissent?, and does the State reserve the option to guarantee that Johnsons lead had the potential or indented to make a vicious experience with energetic restriction banner consuming, regardless of whether the demonstration didn't do so?Johnson is an individual, liable for his own activities, not the activities of others. He has decided to rehearse his First Amendment rights, by communicating his objection to government initiative and polices, by openly consuming and American banner. It is this courts choice that Johnson has not proposed to urge others to adopt increasingly extreme strategies of fighting government. Johnson can not be responsible for unfair impressions of h is expectations. The State has permitted itself power not conceded by the United States Constitution, by indicting Johnson for a demonstration that possibly causes brutal showdowns. Had openly consuming a banner caused a battle or revolting, this would be a completely unique case. In any case, the reality remains, the dissent brought about no such occasion. There is additionally no proof that Johnson expected his dissent to incite cultural confusion. Once more, the State has not the option to base accuses of Johnsons goals of no proof, just communicating worries of the potential negative impacts of Johnsons activities. The States conviction is in this way out of line, in light of its case that Johnson has compromised cultural request and harmony. This doesn't dismiss the conviction of Johnson totally, the privilege of the State to safeguard the trustworthiness of the banner should at present be examined. Moreover, this courts administering doesn't ignore the privilege of the State of Texas to advance and guarantee request. History and good judgment both show, request and harmony essential parts of a steady, incredible country and both must be guaranteed to secure American residents. In any case, it has not been demonstrated that Johnsons open tainting of the banner has encroached American harmony or has elevated or planned to summon cultural turmoil. .u47c025b70d7d3703022f1f8dbc58cf47 , .u47c025b70d7d3703022f1f8dbc58cf47 .postImageUrl , .u47c025b70d7d3703022f1f8dbc58cf47 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u47c025b70d7d3703022f1f8dbc58cf47 , .u47c025b70d7d3703022f1f8dbc58cf47:hover , .u47c025b70d7d3703022f1f8dbc58cf47:visited , .u47c025b70d7d3703022f1f8dbc58cf47:active { border:0!important; } .u47c025b70d7d3703022f1f8dbc58cf47 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u47c025b70d7d3703022f1f8dbc58cf47 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u47c025b70d7d3703022f1f8dbc58cf47:active , .u47c025b70d7d3703022f1f8dbc58cf47:hover { haziness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u47c025b70d7d3703022f1f8dbc58cf47 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u47c025b70d7d3703022f1f8dbc58cf47 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .u47c025b70d7d3703022f1f8dbc58cf47 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u47c025b70d7d3703022f1f8dbc58cf47 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u47c025b70d7d3703022f1f8dbc58cf47:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u47c02 5b70d7d3703022f1f8dbc58cf47 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u47c025b70d7d3703022f1f8dbc58cf47-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u47c025b70d7d3703022f1f8dbc58cf47:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Pluto EssayThe States conviction of Johnson, in light of an obligation to safeguard the honesty of the banner as a portrayal of nationalunity and pride, realizes a few inquiries including the significance of America itself, and what our country ezds for. The State concerns include the message apparent by others, at the activities of Johnson. In the event that a resident can openly wreck the image speaking to our countries pride and solidarity without results, at that point the State has presumed that it will be seen that this pride and solidarity doesn't exist, having a radically negative effect on American culture. The State needs to underezd that the American banner is an incredible image of our country. An image which reflects, prideand solidarity, however different parts of America also. Americans have consistently prided our country as the home of the free. The First Amendment ensures the privilege of free articulation, not simply positive articulation consenting the administration approaches and our pioneers, yet negative articulation supporting both too. To convict Johnson for openly consuming a banner as a type of political dissent, would pass on a considerably increasingly perilous message to the American individuals, than to regard his entitlement to do as such. The message being that it isn't right and deserving of law to communicate ones convictions by wrecking the very image of opportunity our country claims we have the option to communicate. The States conviction of Johnson, on the grounds of safeguarding the emblematic significance of the banner, is conflicting in another regard too. It is standard and wanted to consume a banner when it gets torn, old, and ill-advised to represent our country, as a good methods for removal. Texas has never communicated conflict with this custom. In this way, by sentencing Johnson for consuming a banner as a methods for political dissent, as opposed to respectably discarding an unfit image, the State of Texas has illegally disregarded the First Amendment and administered to direct the circumezces for copying an American banner. The State has set its drive and expressed that banner befouling, as a type of approving government, will be deserving of law. Government doesn't reserve the privilege to forbid articulation, nor the option to authorize its perspectives on its residents. In the event that the banner is to beused as an image for everything incredible about America, it is the privilege of people, who can't help contradicting legislative issues of the time, to utilize that image as an indication of their interests. Accordingly, it is this courts choice that the imagery and significance of the banner is the veryreason openly consuming it as a type of political dissent is an admissible deed, inside the limits of the law. The State istherefore denied, by this court, its conviction of Johnson dependent on the States measure that Johnson has unjustly passed on solidarity and pride don't exist in America. The American banner holds a verifiable spot in the hearts of its residents, as in mine. It is an image of every one of that does right by us ofwho we are and what this nation has achieved. Be that as it may, the State of Texas conviction of Gregory Lee Johnson is without proof on the charge of Johnsons goal to advance cultural issue and upset harmony. The State has likewise negated itself by assuming the liability of ensuring the imagery of the banner, an obligation which has illegally indicted Johnson, denying him the First Amendment right of free articulation. The judgment of the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals is in this way Affirmed.

Increase use of Epidural During Pregnancy Essay - 1100 Words

Increase use of Epidural During Pregnancy (Essay Sample) Content: Increase use of epidural during pregnancyCustomer Inserts His/her NameCustomer Insert Grade CourseCustomer Inserts Tutor Name7th April 2013Increase use of epidural during pregnancyThe word epidural originates from two ancient Greek words à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"onà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Dura matterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. It is an all inclusive word that is simplified to describe medical techniques such as epidural anesthesia and epidural analgesia. The method of epidural in child birth is often utilized by medical practitioners such as nurses and physicians to employ therapeutic and diagnostic chemical substances alongside other medical agents such as the local anesthesia and analgesia. Frequently, the mode of epidural administration involves drug injections using a catheter that is placed into an epidural space. Subsequently, the injection leads to a sensation loss through the means of blocking signal transmissions in the nerves that are situated in or at a close proximity from t he spinal cord. Many times, the relevance of the epidural technique to reduce pain in child birth is confused with the technique of spinal anesthesia. On the contrary, spinal anesthesia is a procedure involving the cerebrospinal fluid in which the anesthesia drug is inserted into the cerebrospinal fluid. Some of the key differences between spinal cord anesthesia and epidural as applied to reduce pain in child birth include; in the application of the epidural technique in child birth, a larger drug dose is technically injected as compared to spinal analgesia. The onset of spinal analgesia in child birth is often faster than the epidural injection. Usually, spinal injections are often conducted beneath the second lumbar vertebral body to prevent accidental spinal cord piercing and ensuing damage. On the other hand, epidural injections are inserted at any point of the vertebral column such as at the thoracic, cervical, sacral or lumbar. Further, using the route of the epidural, it is m uch easier to conduct analgesia that is segmented such as in child birth as compared to the course of the spinal technique. It is more common to place the catheter that is indwelling in the setting of the analgesiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s that are epidural than with the analgesiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s that are spinal.In child birth, the injections into the space of the epidural are basically conducted for analgesia. This is conducted through an application of varying techniques. On the other hand, some of the epidural side effects may be advantageous to the subject e.g. one of the side effects, vasodilatation, is very advantageous to patients with peripheral vascular diseases. Often the technique of epidural injection in relieving child birth pain is not likely to lead to the decrease in the power of muscles and neither is it adequate for caesarian surgery. On the other hand, the single technique of epidural anesthesia may be applied to support caesarian sections. In this regard, the p[patient undergoing the caesarian section remains fully conscious in the entire process of the operation. Typically, the medical dose administered in the aesthesia is typically higher than the dose applied for analgesia. Further, the epidural method is also applied in analgesia that is post-operation during child birth. This occurs after a caesarian operation in which the epidural technique was applied being the sole anesthetic or together with the general anesthetic procedure. In a majority of cases, after the caesarian section child birth, analgesia are administered through injections of the epidural space some consequential days after the child birth process as long as there is an insertion of a catheter. Through the utilization of the infusion pump in the Patient Controlled Epidural analgesia, a patient in a capacity to administer to his or her self a frequent dose of the pain relief drug in the catheter of the epidural space is capable of doing the administration.Further, the technique of epidur al is applied in the relief of back pain that is very common during labor prior to the child birth. This happens through the injections of steroids and analgesia into the space of the epidurals with a key goal of minimizing back pain. The application of the epidural technique in child birth involves medical injections into the space of the epidural in which the patient may maintain a lateral position, may be seated or may maintain a prone posture. The spine level for placing the catheter is dependant on the anatomical source of the labor pain, site as well as the intended operation type. The touhy needle is commonly injected along the vertebra bone shelf, lamina, to just prior to the plaum ligamentum alongside the epidural space. The operator of the insertion feels a slight sensation that is clicking together with a sudden resistance loss to the plunger pressure as the tip of the needle enters the space of the epidural and breaches the flavum of the ligamentum. In order to identify the epidural space, many medical practitioners utilize saline or air but saline has proved to be more effective than air because it has more benefits such as analgesia of better quality as well as decreased cases of headaches resulting from post-Dural punctures. After the practitioners insert the needle tip into the space of the epidural, they then proceed to thread a catheter through the needle. Consequently, they withdraw the needle over the catheter. Frequently, there is a 4 to 6 centimeter insertion space of the catheter into the epidural s[ace. The catheter comprises of a plastic tube that is fine, in which the injection of the anesthesia is inserted into the space of the epidural. Many catheters injected into the epidural space often have an end that is blind but have orifices that are more than three along the distal tip of the catheter. This enables in faster and wider disposal of injected agents along the catheter and also decreases incidences of catheter blockage.During ch ild birth, epidural injections have become more common because they are more effective in providing pain relief than the common analgesia modalities such as opiods, nitrous oxide and TENS. Extensive studies have been conducted on the technique of epidural chlonide in management of child birth pain.Epidural is a method that has proved to be the safest and most effective in decreasing labor pain as compared to other methods of relieving pain in child birth. In a study by Cochrane review in 2011, that involved 9858 women in 38 randomized studies that were controlled showed that the advantages and disadvantages of epidural in child birth while compared with Opiates were as follows; the main factors that show epidural is the most effective technique in child birth include; the decrease in the number of babies born who required a remedial naloxone for the opiate injected to the mother during labor. The second advantage of epidural as a method of relieving labor was increased pain as compa red to other child birth relief techniques. The disadvantages of epidural though relative include increased use of instruments that assist the child birth process, more risk to undergo a caesarian section as a result of distress of the fetus; the fetus does not subsequently move down the bir5th canal, there was increased second stage labor time period, there was a more use of Oxytocin to initiate the contraction of the uterus, the patient were more vulnerable to effects of low blood pressure during child birth, there were more vulnerable to muscular weaknesses during the process of child birth, increased vulnerability to the risk of fever and fluid retention in the period of child birth. On the other hand, epidural did not result to any rate differences to the birth that took place through the caesarian section method and nether were there increased side effects to the babies born out of the technique of epidural immediately after birth. There were no differences in long term back ache to the child births that took place after the administration of the epidural technique.The varying caesarian section incidences resulted from differences in the institutions value in which the birth took place in, alongside the quality of the medical practitioner providing the child birth service. Epidural analgesia and anesthesia given in the institutions that are rated highly did not result in overall clinical significant differences in the rates of caesarians. On the other hand, the vulnerability to caesarian delivery in facilities that were poorly ranked did tend to rise with the administration of the epidural technique. Consequently, if the epidural technique is administered alongside effective health services, there is a low chance of the process leading to the side effect of a caesarian operation. Another research made the conclusion those women at birth whose epidural injection included fentanyl were not likely to perform full breastfeeding to their babies on the first few days after being born and were likely to subsequently stop the breastfeeding process after the first six months. However, this study outcome received great critic since the study sample was also induced with systemic pethindine which can be a more likely cause of the low breastfeeding rate as a result of higher medication levels in the systems of the pestilent. Further, deeper investigation into the study sample led to the implication that the sample also involved patients who had not been administered with fentanyl and subsequently the findings were not objective.Traditionally, epidural has been a[plied to relieve labor pain only in the first stage of the labor pain, during the contraction of the uterus until the cervix opens. consequently it has been more effective traditionally in the normal delivery as opposed to the births that took place through the caesarian method. Traditionally the technique has not been applied to relieve pain in the second stage of the labor process , when th...

Enlightenment Essay example - 532 Words

Enlightenment Do we at present live in enlightened age? What is enlightenment? Immanuel Kant attempts to clarify the meaning of enlightenment while composing the essay, What is Enlightenment?. The goal of Kants essay was to discuss what the nature of enlightenment was. It also taught one how enlightenment can be brought about in the general public. Kant explains that, enlightenment is mans release from his self-incurred immaturity. Immaturity is mans incompetence to have direction for oneself. In other words, enlightenment is the progress of a society through the free activity of rational thought and scholarly critique. Kant feels that if we are going to liberate ourselves from immaturity then we must be able to use our†¦show more content†¦Kant uses many examples of the difference between the public and private use of reasoning. If soldiers refused to follow commands then there would be no military. So, one solider may follow commands in which he disagrees with, but will later critique what he believes. This means that he will follow the commands as his private use of reasoning and then will speak out his complaints as his public use of reasoning. In his essay Kant clearly explains the difference between and enlightened age and an age of enlightenment. In an enlightened age we would all be religious without clergymen because we would know to which things we should be obedient or disobedient. In this age there would be elimination of self-incurred immaturity. During the age of enlightenment we are making the progress towards using both kinds of reasoning. Incompetence is not using pubic and private use of reason in balance with one another. Competence is the balance of both public and private use of reason. We must know how to determine when it is right to obey and right to argue. In terms of government obedience it is often necessary, but any effort to hinder the publics free use of reason should be forbidden. In Kants essay What is Enlightenment?, he shows the transition for the age of enlightenment to the enlightened age. It enables the people to become more like the guardian and managers of their own freedom. Do we at present live in enlightened age? No, Man still doesnt know to whichShow MoreRelatedThe Enlightenment1278 Words   |  6 Pages World Literature The Enlightenment’s Impact on the Modern World The Enlightenment, Age of Reason, began in the late 17th and 18th century. This was a period in Europe and America when mankind was emerging from centuries of ignorance into a new age enlightened by reason, science, and respect for humanity. This period promoted scientific thought, skeptics, and intellectual interchange: dismissing superstition, intolerance, and for some, religion. 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Scholarly Bibliography On Scholarly Journals Essay

Definitions of terms Scholarly peer review Scholarly peer review, also known as refereeing, is the process of subjecting an author’s scholarly manuscript to the scrutiny of others who are experts and working in the same field (Ware 2013). Scholarly/academic journal Scholarly journal, also called as academic/scientific/refereed journal or very often peer-reviewed journal, is a peer-reviewed/refereed periodical in which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published. Academic journals serve as forums for the introduction and presentation for scrutiny of new research, and the critique of existing research (Blake Bly, 2000). Scholarly article/paper Scholarly paper/article, also called as research and academic paper/article, is published in academic journals and has original research results and shows an entirely new invention. It is generally based on original research or experimentation. It is written by a researcher or expert in the field who is often affiliated with a college or university. According to Svernstrom (2014), the paper/article could be original/review/theoretical work. Emerald Group Publishing Based on its website (http://www.emeraldgrouppublishing.com), Emerald is a global publisher connecting research and practice to the benefit of society. Emerald today manages a variety of digital products, a collection of closely 300 journals, more than 2,500 books and over 450 teaching cases. It covers sixteen major areas as follows:Show MoreRelatedHow High School English Courses Prepare Students for College English1187 Words   |  5 Pagesstudents understood the difference between what are scholarly sources for information and what is not considered to be scholarly sources. 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Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility Business Organisation

Question: Describe about the Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility for Business Organisations. Answer: Introduction Business organisations nowadays are increasing become concerned about their social and environmental impacts for achieving sustainability. Sustainability reporting is regarded as publishing information by the business companies about the actions taken by them for protecting society and environment. Sustainability reporting is becoming an integral part of the corporate governance framework of the businesses (Bell, 2011). Corporate governance is regarded as the approach adopted by the organizations for managing and governing its regular business activities and processes. The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) provides a framework for the business organisations regarding the development and disclosure of their sustainability reports (Aras and Crowther, 2010). In this context, the present report aims to analyse and compare the sustainability reporting and disclosure analysis of BHP Billiton and Woolworths as per the GRI framework. The report provides a detail explanation regarding the cor porate governance and social responsibility issues involved in business decision-making. Also, it implements sustainability reporting principles and practices as per the GRI framework in the development of integrated reporting known as environmental, social and governance (ESG) reporting. In addition to this, the report provides reflective thinking for developing an understanding of the importance of sustainability reporting and corporate governance and their relevance for the job role of accountant or manager. Part A Sustainability reporting and disclosure analysis comparisons between the sustainability reports of BHP Billiton and Woolworths Limited and G4 GRI Guidelines Theoretical knowledge of the corporate governance and social responsibility issues involved in business decision making Sustainability and corporate governance plays an important role in measuring the performance of a business corporation. The corporate governance framework of an organisation develops and implements standard guidelines that the employees must strictly adhere for carrying out their job role (Brennan, 2011). As such, the rules and policies implemented by a business through establishing its corporate governance framework is essential for promoting accountability and trust in its operational activities. It defines the rights and duties of each stakeholder of a company and lays down the detailed procedures and rules regarding the decision-making on conducting the business processes. Thus, corporate governance framework is important in an organisation for developing the goals and objectives of a business corporation and defining the manner for reaching the goals (Cavusgil, Rammal and Freeman 2011). It is essential for an organisation in developing and maintaining stakeholder engagement by d etermining the relationships between corporate management, administrative authorities, external and internal stakeholders. The business organisations are placing greater emphasises on developing and publishing their sustainable reports for achieving the trust of its stakeholder (Schaltegger, Bennett and Burritt, 2006). It is essential for the business companies to promote their sustainable development by promoting the economic, social and environmental development through their business operations. Sustainability report published by a business corporation provides a measure of its economic, social and environmental performance. The identification of the shortcomings through developing sustainability report helps the business managers in taking critical decisions for improving their economic, social and environmental performance. Therefore, it can be said the corporate governance and sustainability reporting plays a critical role in business decision-making (Claasen and Alpin-Lardies , 2010). BHP Billiton Plc is an Australian company that is ranked among the worlds top producers of major commodities including iron ore, coals, copper, uranium and many other minerals. Thus, it is recognised a prominent mining company around the world actively involved in production of important minerals and ores. BHP Billiton is a mining company and therefore it has integrated sustainability issues in its strategic approach for protecting environment and society from any of the negative impacts of its operational activities (Business Human Rights Resource Centre, 2009). Sustainability is an integral part of the companys strategy as it ensures the integration of health, safety, environmental and social factors in decision-making process. The company places strict emphasises on managing its internal material risk that is necessary for presenting the quality of environment. The company has developed and implemented an effective corporate governance framework for maintaining integrity and acco untability in its business operations. The corporate governance framework of the company is maintained and developed through the implementation of Code of Business Conduct. The sustainability report and corporate governance framework developed by the company can be stated as highly effective in facilitating its decision-making process. The decision-making process of the company is supported through providing in-depth information obtained from sustainability reports and corporate governance reporting mechanism regarding its environmental and social performance. Thus, business managers can take decisions regarding the improvement needed in the operational processes for promoting development of society and environment (BHP Billiton: Taking the long view Sustainability Report, 2015). On the other hand, Woolworths Limited is also regarded as a sustainability leader in the retailing sector of Australia. The company is recognised as largest supermarket chain of Australia and mainly offers food, liquor and improvement products to the customers. The company has also adopted an effective corporate governance framework for promoting transparency and authenticity in its business operations in the minds of its stakeholders. Effective corporate governance is the core of the companys strategy for enhancing the stakeholder values and achieving long-term development. The code of conduct developed by the company maintain and establishes the moral and ethical standards regarding ensuring the protection of the customers, suppliers, employees and local communities. The code of conduct of the business is developed for preventing the occurrence of misconduct by any of its employees in the workplace. The company also abides by the legislative and regulatory reforms regarding the pro tection of the environment and society. The sustainability strategy of the company is developed mainly for emphasising on its social and environment responsibility issues. In this context, the company has also adopted its sustainability committee that reviews the performance of the company on basis of safety, health and community investment (Woolworths Limited: Corporate Responsibility Report, 2015). Thus, it can be said on the basis of comparison of both the reports that sustainability report of both the companies provides an in-depth knowledge regarding the corporate governance and social responsibility issue involved in their decision-making process. Integration of the sustainability accounting reporting principles and practices (including the Global Reporting Initiative) into the development of Sustainability reporting and integrated reporting known as environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting The sustainability report of the company is developed as per the standards of International Council of Mining and Metals (ICMM) and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) framework. The companys mission is to develop long-term value for its shareholders through acquiring and development of natural resources. The company values in promoting sustainable development through becoming environmentally responsible by promoting health and safety of community where it operates its business activities. Global Reporting Initiative determines the standard guidelines for all the business corporations and developing and maintaining their sustainability reporting (Dimitriades,. 2007). The sustainability report of the BHP Billiton is developed on the basis of GRI initiatives with providing proper disclosure regarding the companys corporate governance policies and environment responsibilities. The corporate governance provides proper information regarding the companys code of Business Conduct determining its business standards that need to be maintained for carrying out its daily work operations. The corporate governance framework of the company plays an important role by determining the practical implementation of the commitments and values determined in its code of business conduct. The code of business conduct of the company is developed in various languages for providing assistance to all its employees and contractors to carry out the operational functions in an ethical manner. The internal as well as external stakeholders of the company are provided with several reporting mechanisms for addressing the issues related to the corporate governance. Thus, it helps the business managers for identifying the improvements needed in the companys corporate governance framework (King, Owusu and Braimah, 2013). The sustainability reports of the company are also developed in accordance with the rules and procedures established by the company through its corporate governance framework. The effective governance of natural resources is vital for maintaining sustainability for the company. The company as such developed its Charter that defines its commitment for governance and meeting the stakeholders expectations as per the guidelines established in its code of business conduct. The sustainability report of the company also provides clear information regarding the various strategic actions undertaken for promoting economic and social development. The environment, social and governance (RSG) factors are the integral part of its business strategies governing and controlling its daily business operations. The report extensively covers all the activities and the subsequent impacts of its activities on the environment and society (BHP Billiton: Taking the long view Sustainability Report, 2015). The quality of information disclosed in the sustainability report of the company helps it in meeting stakeholder expectations through promoting trust and accountability in the business operations. The stakeholders can easily assess the companys performance and thus take appropriate decisions for marinating their stake in the company (Tilt, 2009). The main reporting principles under the GRI sustainability reporting principles are stakeholder inclusiveness, sustainability context, materiality and completeness. As discussed above, BHP Billiton has provided sufficient information regarding its roles and responsibilities towards its major stakeholders including employees and customers (Simons and Macklin, 2014). The company has properly disclosed all the safety standards adopted by it for ensuring protection of all its employees during performing their daily job role. The company is involved in mining operations and therefore has to place special importance on complying with all occupational and healthy safety standards for effectively managing all the workplace hazards. The sustainability report also discloses proper information regarding the initiatives undertaken for protecting environment and society. The company is also strongly dedicated towards identifying the material issues that impact its performance at each stage of its value chain. The sustainability committee developed by the company is mainly involved in reviewing the sustainable performance and implementing proper strategies for promoting environment and social development. The completeness principle of GRI is also achieved by the company through providing complete information on all its sustainability issues through integration of its economic, social and governance (ESG) practices (BHP Billiton: Taking the long view Sustainability Report, 2015). On the other hand, Woolworths Limited also abides by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) reporting standard and principles of stakeholder inclusiveness, sustainability context, materiality and completeness. The corporate governance framework of the company is established for maintaining stakeholder value through disseminating them complete information regarding the business processes and activities continuously. The company provides a complete disclosure reading its risk management strategy, privacy policy, materiality, sustainability strategy and code of conduct in accordance with the GRI reporting principles. The risk management strategy of the company is established for identifying the business risk that the company is likely to face in the future direction. It helps the senior management of the company in developing strategies for mitigating the business risks identified in advance. The implementation of risk management framework helps the company in achieving confidence of all its stakeholders (Ringold, Holla, Koziol and Srinivasan, 2011). The company is also strongly committed in complying with the National Privacy Principles that determines the standards to be adopted for storing, accessing, and disclosing the personal information collected as part of the business operations. The sustainability strategy of the company aims to meet the standard guidelines and principles of Accountability AA1000 Assurance Standard that helps it to prioritise the issues related to its financial strategy, policy-related performance, business based norms, stakeholder behaviour and societal norms. As such, the sustainability strategy of the company plays an important role in providing all the material information to its stakeholders about its various operational areas taking effective decisions regarding improving its business process and procedures through assessing the performance in its major operational areas (Woolworths Limited: Corporate Responsibility Report, 2015). T hus, it can be said from analysing the sustainability report of both BHP Billiton and Woolworths that they effectively abide by the reporting standards of GRI in developing theirs sustainability report. Part B Influence of Societal Values on sustainability reporting and disclosure analysis comparisons between the two sustainability reports and G4 GRI Guidelines in the United States and the United Kingdom Theoretical knowledge of the corporate governance and social responsibility issues involved in business decision making Corporate governance, as such, enables the decision-makers of a business corporation to implement proper decisions regarding the nature of business processes to be adopted for carrying out its operational functions. Corporate sustainability is becoming highly essential for business organisations to optimise the efficiency and effectiveness that leads to its improved profitability and productivity (Cunningham et al., 2014). The reports developed by the business companies about their sustainability performances helps them to analyse the shortcomings in their performances on economic, social and environmental parameters. Corporate governance and social responsibility issues plays an important role in the decision-making process of the businesses operating in the UK and the USA. However, there is a difference in the corporate governance and social responsibilities undertaken by the business firms operating in both the countries for business decision-making. The regulation of corporate go vernance and social responsibility issue in the UK is monitored and supervised by different rules such as listing rules, combined code of conduct and code of market conduct. Listing rules are the corporate governance rules that are to be followed by all the business entities operating in the UK listed on the stock exchange for maintain accountability in the business operations (Dowdney, 2005). The combined code on corporate governance mandates the UK business entities to publish a statement in their annual reports about complying with the listing rules. In addition to this, Code of Market Conduct is developed and maintained by the financial services authority for maintaining privacy of sensitive and confidential information obtained about the financial market. On the other hand, the US corporate governance framework and social responsibility issues is determined by the rules and legislations of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) (Daizy and Das, 2003). The legislation mandates the business entities operating in the US to adopt ethical and moral standards for carrying out their business activities. In addition to this, the SOX also impose fines and penalties on the corporations in case of nay non-compliance with the code of ethics and moral standards. However, there is no such mandatory requirements on the UK firms to adopt code of ethics but only requires the business to provide relevant information regarding its accounting procedures and auditing reports (Ringold, Holla and Koziol, and Srinivasan, 2011). Thus, it can be stated that corporate governance plays a vital part in business decision-making of the US firms in comparison to the UK business firms. Integration of the sustainability accounting reporting principles and practices (including the Global Reporting Initiative) into the development of Sustainability reporting and integrated reporting known as environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting The US business firms places great importance in integrating sustainability approach in their business goals and objectives. The US companies developed their sustainable reports in accordance with the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards and guidelines. In addition to GRI, the US companies also strongly emphasise on integrating Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) and Dow Jones Sustainability Index for measuring and assessing their sustainability performance on the basis of environmental and societal development (Carbon Monitoring for Action, 2016). The US companies such as Ikea, Puma and Unilever are recognised around the world to be most sustainable companies and abiding by the GRI standards and guidelines. The corporate sustainability reporting is not mandated for the business corporations by any country. However, the business companies are emphasising on developing their sustainability reports as per the standards of GRI for achieving stakeholders trust and gaining long-term su stainability (Publicsector sustainability reporting: Remove the clutter, reduce the burden, 2012). As such, the US firms have started to disclose the relevant information regarding their stakeholders inclusiveness, materiality, sustainability context and completeness in their sustainability reporting. However, the UK firms still have to place importance on developing sustainability reports as per the GRI standards (Daizy and Das, 2003). Part C Conclusion and Recommendations Conclusion Every aspect of corporate governance principles and sustainability reporting has been examined in case of Woolworth and BHP Billiton to make recommendations on how to improve the sustainability reporting standards. It has been found that both the companies fulfil the requirements of corporate governance standards and both companies have taken all the measures to improve the corporate governance. It has been reported that Woolworth has put extra efforts to make the governance while BHP Billiton is using methods of corporate governance that make work little more difficult. Woolworth follow agile framework of reporting while BHP Billiton believes in keepings the things simple and easy to understand. As BHP Billiton is in energy sector, yet it does not present the proper GRI guidelines followed in the report (GRI, 2016). While making the analysis on the sustainability reporting requirements in context of two companies it can be say both countries have same G4 GRI guidelines to present th e sustainability report. Talking about the sustainability reporting in the context of the UK and the US, it can be said that companies of both the countries positively take interest in reporting their performance to the stakeholders. It has been found that there are minor changes of reporting framework of both the countries. Recommendations to improve the corporate governance and sustainability reporting in case of Woolworth and BHP Billiton There are specified requirements that every organization must compile in the sustainability reporting in order to report maximum content to the stakeholders. Woolworth and BHP Billiton are two big companies in Australia and it is mandatory for both the companies to fulfil the requirements of G4 GRI reporting while making the sustainability report. Also there exist a wide scope of improvement for business companies operating in countries like United States and United Kingdom for developing sustainable reporting as per the in the GRI guidelines. Following are some of important recommendations that both companies and countries should compile in their sustainability reports in order to make most beneficial for stakeholders. Improving the content presented in report: Organization must clearly identify its stakeholders and must clearly tell what they done to respond on their reasonable expectations and values in the company. It must be understood by the companies that expectations, values and interest of stakeholders are the key points that impact the reporting in sustainability reporting. Organization must include the proper information regarding the performance of company (RG: Sustainability reporting Guidelines, 2016). The main aim of sustainability reporting is to tell the stakeholders on how the organization is working for improving the economic, environmental and social values at local, national and global level. Reporting on individual performance does not fulfil the requirements of preparing the sustainability reporting (McGinn and Lipsky, 2015). Therefore, it is responsibility of management to put sincere efforts to show how company is actively involved in the keeping environment safe and social value on priority. Sustainability reporting should reflect the impact of economic, environmental and social factors on the performance of organization. It is suggested to companies to make a thorough check for the completeness of the sustainability report to make sure all important aspects have been taken care of (Phillips, 2012). Improving the sustainability reporting quality: It should be kept in mind while reporting on the performance of company that both positive and negative aspects have been included in the report (EPRA: Reporting, 2016). As it can be understand that no organization can be always good and always bad. Sustainability reporting should be done in such manner that information of prior period time can be compared with current performance. There must be use of table and charts to present the information on the performance of the companies. Management must check for the accuracy of the information presented in the sustainability report as any wrong information will lead to misconduct of social reporting standard and false information can be passed to the stakeholders (G4: Sustainability reporting Guidelines, 2016). One important thing must be kept in mind while making the sustainability filling that any major change in sustainability reporting must be communicated to the stakeholders (McNeil and Malena, 2010). Reflective Journal of personal development Thus, the overall above discussion has helped me to a great extent in developing a proper insight regarding the concepts of corporate governance, ethical and moral obligations on social responsibility concepts. I have developed knowledge about the significance of having an effective corporate governance framework in business corporations. The corporate governance framework established the code of conduct regarding the ethical and moral principles that a business corporation should abide for carrying out its daily operations. In addition to this, the companies should also adopt proper sustainability strategy for ensuring protection of environment and society and achieving long-term growth and development (Palmer,2016). The sustainability reporting reports published by the companies such as BHP Billiton and Woolworths Limited has helped me to develop an insight about the importance of maintaining a sustainability committee in the company. The sustainability committee is essential in a company for directing the roles and responsibilities of all board of directors regarding promoting sustainable growth and development. Thus, as such the business companies are required to conduct proper induction of all its employees to provide them proper knowledge of all the corporate governance policies adopted by them for achieving sustainability. I have also acquired knowledge about the role of training sessions to be developed for employees that aims at inculcating skills and competencies in the employees so that they are able to perform their job role in a sustainable way. The corporate governance policies of BHP Billiton and Woolworths Limited also provided an insight into the ASX principles regarding corporate disclosure requirements. It also provided significant information to me about the various elements of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) that the business organisations implements for achieving sustainability. The differences in the GRI reporting framework of business corporations operating in different countries such as the US and the UK is also being highlighted during the above discussion. The identification of the differences has proved to be highly beneficial for me to acquire knowledge about the standards guidelines that should be adopted by the businesses for meeting the GRI sustainability reporting standards. The overall discussion has widened my knowledge about the domains of sustainability reporting and corporate governance principles for optimising the corporate performance. It will further support my job role as an accountant or manager in the business corporations through developing proper knowledge about the various sustainability strategies to be adopted for ensuring long-term growth and development of a business corporation. References Aras, G. and Crowther, D. 2010. A Handbook of Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility. Gower Publishing, Ltd. Bell, J. 2011. A Comparison of ExxonMobils Sustainability Reporting to Outcomes. Journal of Applied Business and Economics 12(1). BHP Billiton: Taking the long view Sustainability Report 2015. 2015. [Online]. 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